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Bionanotechnology
We have developed a series of new
biosensors that are produced by deposition of thin
films on silicon microcantilever beams. As these
gel films are pH- or analyte responsive, they can
be used for a wide range of biological sensors.
We have developed novel techniques for the preparation
of micropatterned structures from thin films prepared
by the block copolymerization of monomers using
UV free-radical polymerizations. The process involves
polymerizing the first monomer layer in the presence
of an iniferter with a dithiocarbamate group to
make a photosensitive polymer. Upon application
of a second monomer layer on the first polymer layer
and irradiation, a copolymer is formed between the
two layers. Patterns were created on the films by
applying a mask and selectively irradiating the
surface. They successfully polymerized poly(ethylene
glycol) (PEG) onto a highly crosslinked material
of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate. Various
patterns have been created to determine the precision
that can be achieved with this method. Results show
that the patterns in the second monomer layer can
be from 5 to 100 mm thick, with feature size as
small as 0.5 mm, allowing the use of this material
to high aspect ratio structures for micro-fluidics.
Applications are also in bioMEMS, biomaterials,
and biosensors for the selective adhesion of and
proteins.
Related publications
N.A. Peppas, P. Bures,
A. Foss, Y. Huang and W. Leobandung, “Molecular
Aspects of Muco- and Bioadhesion: Tethered Structures
and Site-Specific Surfaces,” Proceed. Intern. Symp.
Recent Adv. Drug Deliv. Sys., 9, 31-34 (1999).
N.A. Peppas, E. Oral
and J.H. Ward, “Micropatterning and Molecular Imprinting
for Medical Applications,” Proceed. Europ. Symp.
Controlled Drug Delivery, 6, 21-22 (2000).
Y. Huang and N.A.
Peppas, “Poly(ethylene glycol Tethered Chains and
Their Role in Gel Mucoadhesion,” AAPS Pharm. Sci.,
S-386 (1999).
J.H. Ward, R. Gomez,
R. Bashir and N.A. Peppas, “UV Free-Radical Polymerization
for Micropatterning Poly(ethylene glycol)-Containing
Films," Proceed. SPIE, 4097, 221-228 (2000).
J.H. Ward, R. Bashir,
and N.A. Peppas, "Micropatterning of Biomedical
Polymer Surfaces by Novel UV Polymerization Techniques,"
J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 56, 351-360 (2001). [PDF
Reprint]
J.H. Ward, A. Shahar,
and N.A. Peppas, "Kinetics of "Living" Radical Polymerizations
of Multifunctional Monomers," Polymer, 43, 1745-1752
(2002). [PDF
Reprint]
Y. Huang, N. Efremova,
N.A. Peppas and D.E. Leckband, “Direct Measurement
of Interations Between Tethered PEG Chains and Adsorbed
Mucin Layers,” Langmuir, 18, 836-845 (2002). [PDF
Reprint]
M.E. Byrne, D.B.
Henthorn, Y. Huang and N.A. Peppas, “Micropatterning
Biomimetic Materials for Bioadhesion and Drug Delivery,”
in “Biomimetic Materials and Design: Biointerfacial
Strategies, Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug
Delivery”, A.K. Dillow and A. Lowman, eds., 443-470
Dekker, New York, NY, (2002).
C. Donini, F. Giordano,
P. Colombo and N.A. Peppas, “Characterization and
Optimization of P(MAA-g-EG) Insulin-Loaded Nanospheres,”
Proceed. World Meeting APGI/APV, 4, 695-696 (2002).
D.N. Robinson and
N.A. Peppas, “Preparation and Characterization of
pH-Responsive Poly(methacrylic acid-g-poly(ethylene
glycol) Nanospheres,” Macromolecules, 35, 3668-3674
(2002). [PDF
Reprint]
J.Z. Hilt, A.K. Gupta,
R. Bashir and N.A. Peppas, “A Microsensor Based
on a Microcentilever Patterned with an Environmentally
Sensitive Hydrogel,” in R.P. Manginell, J.T. Borenstein,
L.P. Lee, and P.J. Hesketh, eds., “BioMEMS and Bionanotechnology”,
173-178, Vol. 729, MRS, Pittsburgh, PA, 2002.
C. Donini, D.N. Robinson,
P. Colombo, F. Giordano and N.A. Peppas, “Preparation
of P(MAA-g-EG) Nanospheres for Pharmaceutical Applications,”
Intern. J. Pharmac., 245, 83-91 (2002). [PDF
Reprint]
. R. Bashir, J.Z.
Hilt, A. Gupta, O. Elibol and N.A. Peppas, “Micromechanical
Cantilever as an ultrasensitive pH Microsensor,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., 81, 3091-3093 (2002). [PDF
Reprint]
J.H. Ward, K. Furman
and N.A. Peppas, “Effect of Monomer Type and Dangling
End Size on Polymer Network Synthesis,” J. Applied
Polymer Science, 89, 3506-3519 (2003). [PDF
Reprint]
J.Z. Hilt, A.K. Gupta,
R. Bashir and N.A. Peppas, “Ultrasensitive BioMEMs
Sensors Based on Microcantilevers Patterned with
Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels,” Biomed. Microdevices,
5, 177-184 (2003). [PDF
Reprint]
B. Kim and N.A. Peppas,
“PEG-containing Hydrogel Micrparticles for Oral
Protein Delivery Applications,” Biomed. Microdevices,
5, 333-341 (2003). [PDF
Reprint]
J.Z. Hilt, A.K. Gupta,
R. Bashir and N.A. Peppas, “Ultrasensitive BioMEMs
Sensors Based on Microcantilevers Patterned with
Environmentally Responsive Hydrogels,” Biomed. Microdevices,
5, 177-184 (2003). [PDF
Reprint]
R. Langer and N.A.
Peppas, “Advances in Biomaterials, Drug Delivery,
and Bionanotechnology”, AIChE J., 49, 2990-3006
(2003). [PDF
Reprint]
N.A. Peppas, “Bionanotechnology
in Drug Delivery and intelligent Therapeutic Systems,
Drug Deliv. Systems, 19, 200 (2004).
E. Oral and N.A.
Peppas, “Dynamic Studies of Molecular Imprinting
Polymerizations”, Polymer, 45, 6163-6173 (2004).
N.A. Peppas, “Intelligent
Therapeutics: Biomimetic Systems and Nanotechnology
in Drug Delivery”, Adv. Drug Deliv. Revs., 56, 1529-1531
(2004).
N.M. Bergmann and
N.A. Peppas, “Biomimetic, Molecularly Imprinted
Hydrogels for Recognition and Capture of High Molecular
Weight Proteins”, in N.A. Peppas, K. Anseth, A.K.
Dillow and C.E. Schmidt, eds., Advances in Biomaterials,
Bionanotechnology, Biomimetic Systems and Tissue
Engineering, 1-3, AIChE, New York, NY, 2004.
J. Z. Hilt and N. A. Peppas, “Microfabricated Drug
Delivery Devices”, Intern. J. Pharm., 306, 15-23
(2005). [PDF
Reprint]
S. Venkatesh, M.
E. Byrne, N. A. Peppas and J. Z. Hilt, “Applications
of Biomimetic Systems in Drug Delivery”, Expert
Opin. Drug Deliv., 2, 1085-1096 (2005).
D.E. Owens III and
N.A. Peppas, "Temperature-Sensitive Polymer-Gold
Nanocomposites as Intelligent Therapeutic Systems”,
in “Advances in Bionanotechnology”, N.A. Peppas
and J.Z. Hilt, eds., 223-227, AIChE, New York, NY,
2005.
N.A. Peppas and J.Z.
Hilt, “Intelligent Polymeric Networks in Biomolecular
Sensing”, in R. Bashir and S. Wereley, eds., Handbook
of BioMEMs and Biomedical Nanotechnology”, 117-131,
Klouwer, Amsterdam, 2006. [PDF
Reprint]
N.A. Peppas, J.Z.
Hilt, A. Khademhosseini and R. Langer, “Hydrogels
in Biology and Medicine: From Fundamentals to Bionanotechnology”,
Adv. Mater., 18, 1345-1360 (2006). [PDF
Reprint]
J. Z. Hilt, M. E.
Byrne and N. A. Peppas, “Microfabrication of Intelligent
Biomimetic Networks for Recognition of D-Glucose”,
Chem. Mater. 18, 5869-5875 (2006). [PDF
Reprint]
C.L. Bayer and N.A.
Peppas, “Characterization of Hydrogel-Conductive
Polymer Recognitive Interpenetrating Networks”,
Trans. Soc. Biomat., 32, 402 (2007).
N.A. Peppas, K.M.
Wood and J.B. Thomas, “Membranes in Controlled Release”,
in K.V. Peinemann and S. Pererira Nunes, eds, Membrane
Technology, Vol 1., Membranes for Life Science,
175-190, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007.
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